CONCLUSION: Compared with ureteroneocystostomy, end-to-end ureteroneocystostomy can reduce the incidence of vesicoureteral refluox and urinary tract infection.
Risk factors include urinary tract infections, as well as vesicoureteral reflux and obstructive uropathies, both of which are also risk factors for urinary tract infections.
Pressuring doctors to prescribe antibiotics for mild congestion, urinary tract infections or slow-to-heal wounds contributes to antibiotic overuse and the resulting resistance.
Secondary vesicoureteral reflux is most commonly caused by recurrent urinary tract infections, which can cause inflammation in the ureters making them swell up and close.
Primary vesicoureteral reflux is usually due to a short ureter, while secondary vesicoureteral reflux is usually due to a blockage in the urinary tract.